Get all topics that publish a given message?

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Apologies if this is the wrong part of the rviz code that does what you're asking, but I think what you're looking for is ros::master::getTopics()which is used here https://github.com/ros-visualization/... in rviz to get the list of topics and add them to the display for drop downs (~85% sure this is the right thing, but it was a quick glance, either way this will do what you're asking).

Here's the API docs for that file http://docs.ros.org/en/melodic/api/ro... and it clearly shows the basic "get info" style calls to get all the topics and nodes on the network graph.